TUGAS KELOMPOK SOFTSKILL KELAS 4EB10 MINGGU 1
Anggota:
Dewi
Kencanawati (21210903)
Dila
Noviyanti
(22210015)
Ericha Dian N
(22210387)
Ferizah Arina
M (22210742)
Yuliana Eka Putri
(28210752)
1. Untuk mahasiswa etika apa saja yang dilanggar ? akibat
dan konsekuensinya apa ?
Jawab:
a.) Tidak mendengarkan dosen yang sedang menerangkan
- Akibatnya : Mahasiswa jadi kurang paham dan tidak
mengerti tentang apa yang dibahas dalam mata kuliah tersebut.
- Konsekuensinya
: Mahasiswa harus belajar kepada teman yang telah memahami materi yang
diterangkan.
b.) Melakukan demo yang anarkis
- Akibatnya : Banyak berjatuhan korban, nama baik kampus
tercemar, meresahkan masyarakat, serta merusak fasilitas.
- Konsekuensinya : Mahasiswa harus terima jika dipanggil
bahkan dikeluarkan dari kampus secara paksa.
c.) Mencontek saat ujian
- Akibatnya :
ketahuan oleh dosen pengawas.
- Konsekuensinya
: Mahasiswa harus siap mendapat nilai E,
dan namanya akan dimasukan kedalam berita acara perkuliahan.
2. Etika yang ada pada daerah suatu
daerah. Disini akan dijelaskan etika yang ada di daerah Jawa, Bali dan Sunda.
* Pada daerah Jawa :
a. Sikap Batin yang Tepat
Dalam masyarakat Jawa terdapat sebuah ajaran moral yang
oleh Magnis disebut sebagai “sikap batin yang tepat” yakni sebuah pendirian
batin untuk selalu mengendalikan hawa nafsu dan egoisme (pamrih: mendahulukan
kepentingan pribadi di atas kepentingan umum).
b. Tindakan yang Tepat dalam Dunia
Dari konsep mengenai “sikap batin yang tepat” muncullah
sebuah pandangan dalam masyarakat Jawa bahwa manusia jangan mengikat diri pada
dunia akan tetapi membebaskan diri dari dunia, namun demikian bukan berarti
menarik diri dari dunia. Dari satu pemahaman tersebut kemudian sampailah pada
suatu ungkapan “rame ing gawe, sepi ing pamrih dan memayu hayuning
bawana”. Yang dimaksud rame ing gawe yakni kewajiban untuk bekerja
keras, sementara sepi ing pamrih berarti jauh dari sifat-sifat egois.
Bila kedua ungkapan tersebut digabung melahirkan sebuah pengertian bahwa orang
Jawa hendaknya selalu bekerja keras namun juga harus mengindari pamrih
(imbalan). Kemudian memayu hayuning bawana ialah memperindah kehidupan
dunia dalam keselarasan kosmos.
c. Pengertian yang Tepat
Pandangan Jawa mengenai sikap batin dan tidakan yang
tepat didasari atas pemahaman tentang tempat yang tepat. Barang siapa yang
memahami tempatnya dalam masyarakat, ia juga memiliki sikap batin yang tepat
dan dengan demikian akan bertindak tepat.
*Pada daerah Bali :
a.
Dalam
perkawinan adat Bali, dipengaruhi oleh dadia atau klen dan kasta. Perkawinan
yang ideal bila mana pemuda dan gadis dari satu dadia atau setidaknya mempunyai
kasta yang sama. Sebaiknya anak gadianya tidak menikahi pemuda yang kastanya
lebih rendah bila ini terjadi akan mepermalukan keluarga.
Dan dalam adat perkawinan bali ada pantangan yang tidak
boleh di langgar yaitu saudara perempuan seorang suami tidak boleh kawin dengan
saudara laki-laki istri bola dilanggar akan mendatangkan bencana. Dan
perkawinan yang di pantang pula adalah bibi atau paman yang menikah dengan
keponakan, saudara kandung atau tiri.
b. Pada saat hari nyepi dilarang keluar rumah, hotel atau
penginapan . Dilarang menyalakan lampu di
malam hari dan api.
c. Larangan Saat Berkunjung ke Pura
- Wanita yang
sedang menstruasi atau habis melahirkan dilarang masuk ke lingkungan Pura.
- Dilarang mengenakan celana pendek. Bagi yang
mengenakan celana pendek bisa memakai sarung
yang biasanya disediakan di luar Pura.
- Jangan berjalan di depan orang yang sedang
sembahyang atau melakukan ritual agama.
- Jangan memotret orang yang sedang
bersembahyang atau pendeta yang memimpin doa dengan menggunakan flash
(cahaya kilat).
d. Etika dan Kesopanan di Bali
- Hindari menyentuh lawan bicara saat sedang
berinteraksi.
- Jangan
buang air di sembarang tempat. Beberapa pohon di Bali dianggap sakral, biasanya
ditandai dengan ikatan kain dan sesajen, dan dipercaya sebagai tempat tinggal
dari makhluk dunia lain.
- Jangan mengejek arca (patung), topeng, atau
benda adat dan kesenian Bali.
- Hormati penduduk lokal dengan berperilaku
sopan dan santun.
Itulah berbagai
pantangan, larangan, dan etika kesopanan saat berwisata ke Bali
*Pada daerah Sunda :
a. Jika lewat di depan rumah seseorang,
dan kebetulan orangnya ada di beranda rumah atau kelihatan, seseorang yang
lewat harus mengucapkan “punten/permisi”.
b. Jika lewat di depan orang yang jauh
lebih tua dan jaraknya dekat, misalnya dalam suatu pertemuan atau riungan, maka
diharuskan untuk membungkukan badan dengan tangan kanan lebih rendah daripada
tangan kiri seolah-olah tangan kanan sedang memungut sesuatu sambil mengucapkan
“punten/permisi”.
c. Ketika
makan, tidak boleh ada suara dari mulut ketika mengunyah.
d. Tidak
kentut di depan orang yang lebih tua atau di depan orang, apalagi seorang
gadis/wanita, sangat dipantang.
e. Diharamkan
memanggil yang lebih tua dengan namanya!!
f. Jika
orang tua sedang berkumpul apalagi kedatangan tamu, anak kecil tidak boleh
nimbrung
j. Kalau berbicara dengan orang tua,
tidak boleh memandang mata dan usahakan untuk mendengarkan dulu.
Sumber :
1. What kind of
ethics which are usually violated by students? And what are the consequences?
Answer:
a.) Ignoring the lecturer’s lessons in class
- Effects: Students could have some difficulties on understanding the courses.
- Consequences: Students have to ask to their friends who are able to re-explain the courses.
b.) Perform the anarchist demonstration
- Effects: could cause the casualties, could taint the reputation of university, generate social unrest, and ruin the general facilities.
- Consequences: Students should take the responsibilities when they are summoned by the police, they also could be expelled from campus.
c.) Cheating during exams
- Effect: get caught by the supervisor.
- Consequences: Students could get the worst mark and his name will be written into lecture official reports.
2. Ethics that exist in some regions. In this case ethics in Java, Bali and Sunda.
* In the region of Java:
a. Right Mental Attitude
In the Javanese society there is a moral teaching that is referred to as "the right mental attitude" by Magnis, a mental standpoint to always control the passions and egoism. (In Javanese language, pamrih : prioritizing personal interests above the public interest) .
b . Right Actions in the Daily Activities
From the concept of "the right mental attitude" comes a sight of the Javanese society that humans do not bind itself to the world but to free themselves from the world, however, it does not mean that they should withdraw themself from the world. Those concept will lead to an expression “rame ing gawe, sepi ing pamrih dan memayu hayuning bawana”. The meaning of rame ing gawe is obligation to work hard, while sepi ing pamrih means avoid the selfish traits. If both expressions are combined, they will generate a sense that the Javanese should always work hard but also have to avoid the greediness to get a reward. The last sentence, memayu hayuning bawana means that beautify the world in harmony of the cosmos.
c . The Right Understanding
Javanese sight of the inner attitude and appropriate actions based on the understanding of the right places. Those who understands his place in society, would also has the right mental attitude and therefore will act appropriately.
* In the region of Bali:
a. Balinese traditional marriage is influenced by dadia or clan and caste. The ideal marriage happens when where bride and groom are from the same dadia or at least have the same caste.The girls should not marry a lower caste boy since it will embarrass the family.
In balinese traditional wedding there are some restrictions that can not be violated. The sisters of the grooms can not marry with the brothers of his wife because the violation of this law could bring disaster. Another restrictions are the marriage of an aunt or uncle with their nephew and a marriage among siblings or step brothers and sisters.
b . During Nyepi day people are prohibited to go outside of the house, hotel or inn. They also pprohibited to turn on the lights and fire at night.
c . Prohibition when visiting Pura
- Women who are menstruating or who had just gave a birth are forbidden to enter the temple environment.
- Women are prohibited to wear shorts. For those who wear shorts they heve to cover their legs with sarung cloth which are usually provided outside the temple.
- Do not walk in front of people who are praying or performing religious rituals.
- Do not take pictures of people who are praying or monk who leads prayers by using the flash light.
d. Ethics and Politeness in Bali
- Avoid touching the other person when you're interacting.
- Do not waste water in any place. Some trees are considered sacred in Bali, usually marked with fabric ties and offerings, and it is believed to be the residence of the other-worldly beings.
- Do not mock statue (sculpture), mask, or custom objects and Balinese art.
- Respect local residents by behaveing politely.
That are the various restrictions, prohibitions, and manners when traveling to Bali
* In the region of Sunda:
a. When we pass in front of someone's house and see the house owner coincidently, we are obliged say " Punten / permisi (excuse me)".
b . When we pass in front of people who are much older and in short distance with him/her, for example, in a meeting or room, it is required to bow and set our right hand lower than the left hand as if it pick up something while saying " Punten/ permisi (excuse me)" .
c . When we eat, there should be no sound from the mouth when chewing.
d . Do not fart in front of people who are older or in front of people, especially for a girl/woman, It is highly prohibited.
e . It is prohibited to call older people with his name.
f . When parents are gathering with their guests, children should not join the conversation.
j . When talking with parents, avoid eye contact and try to listen first.
Answer:
a.) Ignoring the lecturer’s lessons in class
- Effects: Students could have some difficulties on understanding the courses.
- Consequences: Students have to ask to their friends who are able to re-explain the courses.
b.) Perform the anarchist demonstration
- Effects: could cause the casualties, could taint the reputation of university, generate social unrest, and ruin the general facilities.
- Consequences: Students should take the responsibilities when they are summoned by the police, they also could be expelled from campus.
c.) Cheating during exams
- Effect: get caught by the supervisor.
- Consequences: Students could get the worst mark and his name will be written into lecture official reports.
2. Ethics that exist in some regions. In this case ethics in Java, Bali and Sunda.
* In the region of Java:
a. Right Mental Attitude
In the Javanese society there is a moral teaching that is referred to as "the right mental attitude" by Magnis, a mental standpoint to always control the passions and egoism. (In Javanese language, pamrih : prioritizing personal interests above the public interest) .
b . Right Actions in the Daily Activities
From the concept of "the right mental attitude" comes a sight of the Javanese society that humans do not bind itself to the world but to free themselves from the world, however, it does not mean that they should withdraw themself from the world. Those concept will lead to an expression “rame ing gawe, sepi ing pamrih dan memayu hayuning bawana”. The meaning of rame ing gawe is obligation to work hard, while sepi ing pamrih means avoid the selfish traits. If both expressions are combined, they will generate a sense that the Javanese should always work hard but also have to avoid the greediness to get a reward. The last sentence, memayu hayuning bawana means that beautify the world in harmony of the cosmos.
c . The Right Understanding
Javanese sight of the inner attitude and appropriate actions based on the understanding of the right places. Those who understands his place in society, would also has the right mental attitude and therefore will act appropriately.
* In the region of Bali:
a. Balinese traditional marriage is influenced by dadia or clan and caste. The ideal marriage happens when where bride and groom are from the same dadia or at least have the same caste.The girls should not marry a lower caste boy since it will embarrass the family.
In balinese traditional wedding there are some restrictions that can not be violated. The sisters of the grooms can not marry with the brothers of his wife because the violation of this law could bring disaster. Another restrictions are the marriage of an aunt or uncle with their nephew and a marriage among siblings or step brothers and sisters.
b . During Nyepi day people are prohibited to go outside of the house, hotel or inn. They also pprohibited to turn on the lights and fire at night.
c . Prohibition when visiting Pura
- Women who are menstruating or who had just gave a birth are forbidden to enter the temple environment.
- Women are prohibited to wear shorts. For those who wear shorts they heve to cover their legs with sarung cloth which are usually provided outside the temple.
- Do not walk in front of people who are praying or performing religious rituals.
- Do not take pictures of people who are praying or monk who leads prayers by using the flash light.
d. Ethics and Politeness in Bali
- Avoid touching the other person when you're interacting.
- Do not waste water in any place. Some trees are considered sacred in Bali, usually marked with fabric ties and offerings, and it is believed to be the residence of the other-worldly beings.
- Do not mock statue (sculpture), mask, or custom objects and Balinese art.
- Respect local residents by behaveing politely.
That are the various restrictions, prohibitions, and manners when traveling to Bali
* In the region of Sunda:
a. When we pass in front of someone's house and see the house owner coincidently, we are obliged say " Punten / permisi (excuse me)".
b . When we pass in front of people who are much older and in short distance with him/her, for example, in a meeting or room, it is required to bow and set our right hand lower than the left hand as if it pick up something while saying " Punten/ permisi (excuse me)" .
c . When we eat, there should be no sound from the mouth when chewing.
d . Do not fart in front of people who are older or in front of people, especially for a girl/woman, It is highly prohibited.
e . It is prohibited to call older people with his name.
f . When parents are gathering with their guests, children should not join the conversation.
j . When talking with parents, avoid eye contact and try to listen first.
Sources:
http://sosbud.kompasiana.com/2011/01/22/adab-sopan-santun-zaman-dulu-khususnya-adat-sunda-336775.html
http://nguts.wordpress.com/2010/12/16/etika-jawa/
http://www.voucherhotel.com/travel/pantangan-saat-berkunjung-ke-bali/
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